This tutorial shows some studio lighting techniques.
Most studio lighting uses three point lighting which is where an object is light up by three different sources of light. This kind of lighting needs three light sources, stands for these lights and preferably a boom for the hair/ background light. For a portrait image the camera should be position 6-12 inches above the subjects face. The distance for the subject to the camera is determined by the type of lens the camera uses.
In order to get 1:1 ratio lighting (flat lighting) both the key light and the fill light must be at the same intensity. This kind of photography is mainly used in ID photos, large groups of people, families and sometimes engagement photos.
2:1 ratio lighting is where the fill light is one F/Stop smaller than the key light. For example if your key light measured at F11 the fill light should be set to F8. This kind of lighting is used mainly for basic press portraits, full length fashion images and general portraiture.
3:1 ratio lighting is where the fill light will be two F/Stops dimmer than the key light. For example if the key light would be set to F11 then the fill light would be set to F5.6. This kind of lighting is commonly used for all portrait scenarios.
4:1 ration lighting is where for example the key light would be set to F11 and the fill light would be set to F4. This is extremely dramatic lighting as the lighting is becoming harsh shadow lighting. This form of lighting works particularly well on men.
5:1 ratio lighting would be where your key light would be set to F11 and the fill light would be set to F2.8. This kind of lighting is extremely harsh and there will be very little detail on the fill side of the object.
The hair light casts light between the subject and the background to create separation by creating a sharp outline around the subject. This light is typically a spotlight or a Snooted light. To create definition between the background and the subject the light should be cast on the back of the hair on the top of the crown.
Outdoor lighting
In the midday sun the photos have very harsh shadows however when they move into the shadow the photo becomes less harsh and begins to look much better. however this also means that thee image becomes much darker than it was in the midday sunlight.
Then by using a reflector whilst the subject is standing in the shade the photographer is able to concentrate the light onto the subjects face. This means that the photo has less harsh shadows than in the midday sunlight but better lit than it would be if they were in the shade alone.
Camera angles and shots
Extreme close up
Close up
Medium close up
Medium shot
Medium Long shot
Long shot
Extreme Long shot
Worms eye
Low angle shot
High angle shot
Birds eye
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